{
  "schemaVersion": "1.0",
  "publisher": "SIYB E 环境感知技术平台",
  "scope": "实操指南与本批已完善的工程工具，不代表全站所有页面均经来源复核。",
  "items": [
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "雪深传感器选型与安装：先确定零点、视场和复核方法",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/snow-depth-sensor-selection-field-check/",
      "summary": "围绕点位代表性、测距基准、回波质量与积雪变化设计雪深观测，避免把设备距离值直接作为可靠雪深。",
      "tags": [
        "雪深",
        "超声测距",
        "安装",
        "质量控制"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "风吹雪监测：粒子计数、质量通量与道路积雪如何区分",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/drifting-snow-observation-mass-flux/",
      "summary": "把颗粒探测、局地输运和地表堆积作为不同观测产品，建立清晰的单位、标定与代表性说明。",
      "tags": [
        "风吹雪",
        "输运通量",
        "积雪",
        "数据解释"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "冻胀与融沉监测：地温、位移和基准的联合复核",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/frost-heave-temperature-displacement-check/",
      "summary": "用温度剖面与独立稳定基准解释地表变形，区分热状态、几何变化和仪器参考点移动。",
      "tags": [
        "冻胀",
        "融沉",
        "地温",
        "位移",
        "基准"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "光学与电化学溶解氧选型：用现场条件和维护证据比较",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/optical-electrochemical-do-selection-validation/",
      "summary": "比较溶解氧测量方法时，把流动条件、污染、校准与维护能力列为输入，不用固定寿命或类别名称代替设备验证。",
      "tags": [
        "溶解氧",
        "光学DO",
        "电化学DO",
        "校准",
        "技术比较"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "监测阈值怎么审核：区分数据质控、环境评价与工程预警",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/monitoring-threshold-evidence-review/",
      "summary": "同一个数值超限，可能表示仪器异常、环境指标变化或工程处置条件；阈值页面必须说明它属于哪一种判断。",
      "tags": [
        "阈值",
        "数据质量",
        "标准",
        "预警",
        "验收"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "雪深、雪密度与雪水当量：配对观测和闭合复核",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/snow-depth-swe-paired-validation/",
      "summary": "把雪深、雪密度和雪水当量放到同一时间、同一观测范围内复核，区分压实、融化与传感器异常。",
      "tags": [
        "雪深",
        "SWE",
        "雪密度",
        "积雪",
        "质量控制"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "雪崩监测：观测、事件探测与危险预报如何分工",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/avalanche-observation-event-warning-boundary/",
      "summary": "区分环境观测、已发生事件探测与未来危险评估，建立可复核的告警证据链。",
      "tags": [
        "雪崩",
        "事件探测",
        "预警",
        "证据",
        "监测验收"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "冻土温度与活动层厚度：从布点到年度结果交付",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/permafrost-active-layer-observation-handover/",
      "summary": "围绕深度基准、地温剖面、季节复测和年度汇总组织冻土观测，避免把瞬时零度位置直接当作年度活动层厚度。",
      "tags": [
        "冻土",
        "活动层厚度",
        "地温",
        "冻融",
        "数据交付"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "RS485现场排查：从供电、拓扑到协议分层定位",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/rs485-field-fault-isolation-checklist/",
      "summary": "用分层检查替代反复换线：先确认供电与物理链路，再检查串口参数和应用协议，最后定位间歇故障。",
      "tags": [
        "RS485",
        "Modbus",
        "接线",
        "终端电阻",
        "故障排查"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "如何选择土壤水分传感器",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/how-to-choose-soil-moisture-sensor/",
      "summary": "从原理到现场：把\"测土壤水分\"这件事拆成五个判断维度——测量原理、测量深度、土壤类型、标定方式与长期稳定性。附三类典型场景的推荐方案。",
      "tags": [
        "土壤水分",
        "选型",
        "FDR",
        "TDR",
        "电容式",
        "张力计"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "翻斗式雨量筒冬季防冻方案",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/how-to-prevent-rain-gauge-freezing/",
      "summary": "翻斗式雨量筒在冻融环境下会结冰堵塞，报\"零降水\"——这不只是数据缺失，而是会污染整年降水统计。本文给出三种防冻方案与选型决策树。",
      "tags": [
        "雨量筒",
        "冬季",
        "结冰",
        "加热型",
        "称重式"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "GNSS 位移监测站选址要点",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/how-to-locate-gnss-displacement-station/",
      "summary": "GNSS 位移监测的精度上限不是接收机决定的，是选址决定的。本文给出基准站与监测站的选址要点、多路径规避、地基处理与天线安装规范。",
      "tags": [
        "GNSS",
        "位移",
        "选址",
        "多路径",
        "基准站"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "水质在线监测仪器的标定流程",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/how-to-calibrate-water-quality-online/",
      "summary": "水质在线仪器的标定不是\"做一次就完\"，而是\"建立标定档案 + 周期性核查 + 异常触发重标\"的持续过程。本文给出 pH、DO、COD、氨氮四类常用仪器的标定流程与频次。",
      "tags": [
        "水质",
        "标定",
        "pH",
        "DO",
        "COD",
        "在线监测"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "野外监测站太阳能供电系统设计",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/how-to-design-solar-power-system/",
      "summary": "从负载测算到容量选型：把\"够用\"变成\"在任何年份、任何季节都够用\"。本文给出三重叠加法、低功耗策略与冬季特别注意事项。",
      "tags": [
        "太阳能",
        "供电",
        "电池",
        "低功耗",
        "野外站"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "空气质量监测数据怎么读",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/how-to-interpret-air-quality-data/",
      "summary": "同样的数据，按不同口径评价可能得出相反结论。本文讲清楚限值与统计口径、AQI 计算、数据有效性、异常识别与评价报告撰写要点。",
      "tags": [
        "空气质量",
        "PM2.5",
        "数据解读",
        "限值",
        "AQI"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "Modbus RS485 通信故障排查",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/how-to-troubleshoot-modbus-rs485/",
      "summary": "从物理层到协议层逐级排查：终端电阻、总线拓扑、波特率、地址冲突、超时。本文给出现场工程师能直接照做的排查流程。",
      "tags": [
        "Modbus",
        "RS485",
        "通信",
        "故障排查",
        "终端电阻"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "如何选择水位传感器",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/how-to-choose-water-level-sensor/",
      "summary": "水位传感器四类主流：雷达、压力式、超声波、气泡式。没有\"最好\"，只有\"在你的断面、你的介质、你的安装条件下最合适\"。本文给选型决策树。",
      "tags": [
        "水位",
        "雷达",
        "压力式",
        "超声波",
        "气泡式",
        "选型"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "噪声监测布点与超标判定",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/how-to-deploy-noise-monitoring/",
      "summary": "噪声监测第一是\"测到点位要有代表性\"，第二是\"超标判定用对指标\"。传声器朝向、高度、防风罩、Leq 与时段，每一处都决定数据能不能用。",
      "tags": [
        "噪声",
        "布点",
        "防风罩",
        "超标",
        "GB3096",
        "Leq"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "pH 电极校准步骤",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/how-to-calibrate-ph-electrode/",
      "summary": "pH 是\"操作性定义\"——方法不同结果不同。校准决定电极\"翻译\"准不准。两步核心：选对缓冲液、做两点校准、看斜率。",
      "tags": [
        "pH",
        "电极",
        "校准",
        "两点校准",
        "斜率",
        "水质"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "如何选择振动传感器",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/how-to-choose-vibration-sensor/",
      "summary": "振动监测三主流：IEPE（压电）、MEMS、伺服加速度。选错量程或类型，要么削顶要么噪声淹没信号。本文给选型框架。",
      "tags": [
        "振动",
        "IEPE",
        "MEMS",
        "伺服加速度",
        "电荷",
        "选型"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "GNSS 位移监测站部署",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/how-to-deploy-gnss-station/",
      "summary": "GNSS 变形监测站部署的第一原则是\"基准点稳、监测点准、天空开阔\"。本文讲选址、安装、基线设计与解状态监控。",
      "tags": [
        "GNSS",
        "RTK",
        "变形监测",
        "基准点",
        "多路径",
        "部署"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "空气质量数据怎么看",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/how-to-interpret-air-quality/",
      "summary": "PM2.5、AQI、臭氧——这些数字怎么读才不会误判？区分\"标准方法\"与\"低成本传感器\"，看清时段与统计口径，才能正确解读空气质量。",
      "tags": [
        "空气质量",
        "AQI",
        "PM2.5",
        "臭氧",
        "解读",
        "标准方法"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "低功耗监测站设计",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/how-to-build-low-power-station/",
      "summary": "无人值守站靠\"省\"和\"储\"活命：降低负载、用休眠、配足电池与太阳能，并按最坏月做预算。本文给低功耗设计清单。",
      "tags": [
        "低功耗",
        "太阳能",
        "锂电",
        "休眠",
        "供电",
        "设计"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "如何选择数据采集器",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/how-to-choose-data-logger/",
      "summary": "数据采集器是站点的\"大脑+胃\"：能吃下多少传感器、接什么总线、跑多快采样、存多少、怎么通信，决定整个站的能力上限。",
      "tags": [
        "数据采集器",
        "通道",
        "总线",
        "采样率",
        "选型",
        "RTU"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "现场线缆敷设与防雷接地",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/how-to-cable-routing-grounding/",
      "summary": "现场 80% 的\"莫名其妙\"故障在线缆：干扰、进水、雷击、咬断。规范的敷设与接地，比换更贵的传感器更能保住数据。",
      "tags": [
        "线缆",
        "敷设",
        "防雷",
        "接地",
        "屏蔽",
        "浪涌"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "土壤水分传感器安装与标定",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/how-to-install-soil-moisture-sensor/",
      "summary": "土壤水分传感器装错深度、不做现场标定，读数就是\"那个点的介电常数\"，与真实含水量差几个百分点。安装与标定决定数据的可信度。",
      "tags": [
        "土壤水分",
        "安装",
        "标定",
        "FDR",
        "TDR",
        "墒情"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "GNSS 变形监测站部署要点",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/how-to-deploy-gnss-monitoring/",
      "summary": "GNSS 变形监测看似\"插个天线就行\"，实则基准站稳定性、天空视野、解算模式哪一项错，位移都是假的。",
      "tags": [
        "GNSS",
        "变形监测",
        "RTK",
        "基准站",
        "滑坡",
        "边坡"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "自动气象站选址与安装",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/how-to-setup-weather-station/",
      "summary": "气象观测的核心是\"代表性\"。选址不当，再准的传感器测的也是局部微气候，无法与标准、与邻站比较。",
      "tags": [
        "气象站",
        "选址",
        "安装",
        "百叶箱",
        "辐射",
        "风"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Guide",
      "title": "水质在线监测站建设与运维",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/guides/how-to-monitor-water-quality-online/",
      "summary": "按目标参数、取样代表性、清洁与校准证据组织在线水质监测，建立从原始观测到可交付数据的复核链。",
      "tags": [
        "水质",
        "在线监测",
        "运维",
        "清洗",
        "标定",
        "预处理"
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Tool",
      "title": "字节序与IEEE 754浮点解析",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/tool/byte-order/",
      "summary": "把4个原始字节按指定排列解释为32位整数与float32，排查两个寄存器的数据解释问题。",
      "formula": "先按ABCD/BADC/CDAB/DCBA重排，再按大端32位整数或IEEE 754解释。",
      "limitations": "ABCD表示按收到顺序读取；其余选项按字母交换原始字节。设备的32位跨寄存器字序须查手册。NaN和Infinity是特殊编码，不是正常测量值。"
    },
    {
      "type": "Tool",
      "title": "直流两线电缆压降校核",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/tool/cable-drop/",
      "summary": "根据单程长度、截面、实际电流和电阻率，计算往返线阻及设备端电压，取代固定5%合格判断。",
      "formula": "R=2Lρ/S；ΔV=IR；V设备=V供电−ΔV。",
      "limitations": "仅计算直流两线稳态线阻，不包含接点压降、启动浪涌及温升反馈；电阻率应按材质和工况输入。最低工作电压以设备手册为准，不得给不支持48V的设备直接升压。"
    },
    {
      "type": "Tool",
      "title": "4–20mA回路电压与负载预算",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/tool/loop-voltage-budget/",
      "summary": "计算所填电流下接收电阻与线阻的总压降，校核变送器最低工作电压。",
      "formula": "R上限=(V供电−V变送器最低−V固定压降)/I；余量=V供电−V最低−V固定−I(R负载+R线)。",
      "limitations": "输入的是同一串联回路；隔离器、安全栅和显示器压降按设备资料及最不利工况填写。若设备故障电流高于20mA，应另用该电流复算。"
    },
    {
      "type": "Tool",
      "title": "积雪质量、SWE与重力荷载",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/tool/snow-load/",
      "summary": "由雪深和厚度平均密度换算单位面积质量、雪水当量与重力荷载。",
      "formula": "m/A=hρ；SWE(mm)=hρ（水密度1000kg/m³）；q(kPa)=hρ×9.80665/1000。",
      "limitations": "这是实测积雪的物理换算，不是屋面设计雪荷载。未考虑形状系数、吹积、分项系数、雨雪混合、支承结构和当地规范；不能据此直接判定屋面安全。"
    },
    {
      "type": "Tool",
      "title": "分层积雪SWE与加权密度",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/tool/layered-swe/",
      "summary": "对每层厚度与密度求和，计算总雪深、加权密度、SWE和单位面积荷载。",
      "formula": "M/A=Σhᵢρᵢ；ρ平均=Σhᵢρᵢ/Σhᵢ；SWE(mm)=Σhᵢρᵢ（水密度1000kg/m³）。",
      "limitations": "每行一层，厚度m、密度kg/m³，以逗号或空格分隔。层界不得重叠或漏层；0–1000仅为输入校验范围，不是常见雪密度范围。"
    },
    {
      "type": "Tool",
      "title": "地温剖面零度位置插值",
      "url": "https://siybe.com/tool/ground-zero-isotherm/",
      "summary": "在两个跨越0℃的深度温度点之间进行线性插值，保留观测边界而不进行外推。",
      "formula": "z₀=z₁+(0−T₁)(z₂−z₁)/(T₂−T₁)。",
      "limitations": "只表示瞬时线性温度插值；零度位置不自动等于冻融界面或年度活动层厚度。两点必须来自同一时刻和同一深度基准；同温和不跨零不计算。"
    }
  ]
}